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Vaccines

Vaccines


A vaccine is a biological preparation of weakened, killed, or fragmented microorganisms, or toxins, antibodies, or lymphocytes that introduce into the body to produce immunity to a specific disease. Vaccination is a method, which prevents disease occurrence instead of treats it. Vaccines vary into different types, including live-attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, and conjugate as well as recombinant vaccines. Administration of a vaccine is an important factor in order to ensure transporting it to the proper part of the body; therefore, transport of a vaccine has several mechanisms. For example, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intradermal injection, and oral administration in addition to intranasal spray are applications that delivers vaccine.


Live-attenuated vaccines

Live-attenuated vaccines contain whole bacteria or viruses, but these are weakened and do not cause illness in a healthy individual, however, immune system patients are not recommended to take these kinds of vaccines. Examples of diseases that are treated by live-attenuated vaccines include influenza, chickenpox, tuberculosis, and yellow fever as well as oral typhoid.


Inactivated vaccines

Inactivated vaccines are entirely dead bacteria or viruses, or parts of them have removed, such as proteins or sugars. Immune system patients can take these vaccines since they contain no lived bacteria or viruses. Therefore, inactivated vaccines have a shot-lasting immune response, requiring repeated doses. Polio, hepatitis, rabies, and Japanese encephalitis vaccines are examples of these vaccines type.

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